Logical Operators

• Logical operators have one or two boolean operands that yield a boolean result.
• There are six logical operators:
  - && (logical AND)‏
  -& (boolean logical AND)‏
  - (logical OR)‏
  - (boolean logical inclusive OR)‏
  -^ (boolean logical exclusive OR)‏
  -! (logical NOT)‏

&&(logical) and &(boolean logical) AND

• The basic difference between && and & operators :
  -&& supports short-circuit evaluations (or partial evaluations), while & doesn't.
• Given an expression:exp1 && exp2
  -&& will evaluate the expression exp1, and immediately return a false value is exp1 is false. -If exp1 is false, the operator never evaluates exp2 because the result of the operator will be false regardless of the value of exp2.
• In contrast, the & operator always evaluates both exp1 and exp2 before returning an answer.

(logical) and (boolean logical) inclusive OR

• The basic difference between and I operators :
  - supports short-circuit evaluations (or partial evaluations), while doesn't.
• Given an expression:exp1 exp2
  - will evaluate the expression exp1, and immediately return a true value is exp1 is true
  -If exp1 is true, the operator never evaluates exp2 because the result of the operator will be true regardless of the value of exp2.
  -In contrast, the operator always evaluates both exp1 and exp2 before returning an answer.

^ (boolean logical exclusive OR)

• The result of an exclusive OR operation is TRUE, if and only if one operand is true and the other is false.
• Note that both operands must always be evaluated in order to calculate the result of an exclusive OR.

! ( logical NOT)‏

• The logical NOT takes in one argument, wherein that argument can be an expression, variable or constant.

Conditional Operator (?:)‏

• The conditional operator ?:
  -is a ternary operator.
• This means that it takes in three arguments that together form a conditional expression.
  -The structure of an expression using a conditional operator isexp1?exp2:exp3
  wherein,
  exp1 - is a boolean expression whose result must either be true or false
  -Result:
  If exp1 is true, exp2 is the value returned.
  If it is false, then exp3 is returned.