Literals

• Literals are tokens that do not change - they are constant.
  
• The different types of literals in Java are:
  -Integer Literals
  -Floating-Point Literals
  -Boolean Literals
  -Character Literals
  -String Literals

Integer Literals

• Integer literals come in different formats:
  -decimal (base 10)‏
  -hexadecimal (base 16)‏
  -octal (base 8).
• Special Notations in using integer literals in our programs:
  -Decimal
  No special notation
  example: 12
  -Hexadecimal
  Precede by 0x or 0X
  example: 0xC
  -Octal
  Precede by 0
  example: 014

Floating Point Literals

• Represents decimals with fractional parts
  -Example: 3.1416
  
• Can be expressed in standard or scientific notation
  -Example: 583.45 (standard), 5.8345e2 (scientific)‏

Boolean

• Boolean literals have only two values, true or false.

Character Literals

• Character Literals represent single Unicode characters.
  
• Unicode character
  -a 16-bit character set that replaces the 8-bit ASCII character set.
  -Unicode allows the inclusion of symbols and special characters from other languages.
• To use a character literal, enclose the character in single quote delimiter.
  
• For example
  -the letter a, is represented as ‘a’.
  -special characters such as a newline character, a backslash is used followed by the character code. For example, ‘\n’ for the newline character, ‘\r’ for the carriage return, ‘\b’ for backspace, '\t' for tab.

String Literals

• String literals represent multiple characters and are enclosed by double quotes.
  
• An example of a string literal is, “Hello World”.